Tooth whitening: what are the risks? Answers from Dr Georges Tokofai, Director of the Lomé International Dental Centre (CDIL)

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Extract from the article: Tooth whitening refers to procedures aimed at lightening the colour of the teeth. This procedure is generally performed by a dental surgeon, but it is increasingly offered in beauty salons. Scaling is the first step because only teeth that are alread

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Tooth whitening refers to procedures aimed at lightening the colour of the teeth. This procedure is generally performed by a dental surgeon, but it is increasingly offered in beauty salons. Scaling is the first step because only teeth that are already clean are lightened. Scaling is therefore a "must" before bleaching. It is a medical procedure. It must be performed by an oral health professional. It consists of removing tartar and plaque by « scraping », and above all polishing the surface of the teeth to recreate a healthy environment and facilitate their cleaning. In most cases, for superficial staining, this simple scaling can be sufficient as the teeth regain their natural brightness and whiteness. Hence the importance of a consultation with the dentist for a precise diagnosis before any treatment.

In the case of a more persistent or unsightly discolouration, it will be necessary to resort to a dental lightening technique commonly known as dental bleaching. Tooth whitening requires a thorough examination by the dental professional as not all teeth can be treated. The teeth must be prepared for the treatment by first addressing any pre-existing cavities, gum disease or other conditions that may complicate, prevent or hinder successful whitening.

Bleaching techniques

There are two professional whitening techniques, always performed by a dentist who has mastered the techniques of cosmetic dentistry: whitening performed in the dentist's office, whitening performed at home by the patient himself or herself, or both techniques combined, i.e. whitening performed in the office followed by whitening performed at home

The products used depend on the technique used. Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are the most commonly used. There are precise concentrations that must be respected for a better result. These products are effective but not without risks.  The more hydrogen peroxide it contains or releases, the more effective and potentially dangerous the product is. Similarly, tooth whitening may be contraindicated in some cases. The product is particularly harmful to teeth with cavities, wear lesions or hypersensitivity.

It is this whitening agent that can be dangerous. It is this whitening agent that can be dangerous, because undiluted hydrogen peroxide can be fatal if swallowed in large quantities.

Consult a dental practice

In view of these risks, we formally advise people against having this type of treatment in beauty salons, smile bars or other beauty workshops. The treatment must be done in a dental office run by qualified and experienced professionals in the field. It should be noted that the whitening products used by non-professionals in the field of oral health have a very low concentration and are therefore not effective for a reproducible and satisfactory result for the patient or client.

The dentist alone controls the concentration of the products and their application time for an optimal result. And above all, avoiding unfortunate consequences on the health of the mouth and teeth and on the general health of the patient. It is therefore essential to make an appointment with the dental surgeon before starting any dental bleaching treatment.

Interview by William O.